Target-organisms are all organisms that are harmful to crops, such as:

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Plant organisms
  • Parasitic plants
  • Weeds
• Animal organisms
  • insects
  • mites
  • nematodes
  • snails and slugs

When investigating characteristics related to the effects on crops (phytotoxicity, yield, etc.) they can be considered as target-organisms.

Insects of health importance can also be considered as target-organisms